![]() The graphic in this article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Sulfur-Containing Functional Groups Thiols, thioethers, and disulfides are the most common functional groups with sulfur. Other groups, such as imines, azos, and azides are important but come up less. You can download the updated version using the button below. The main groups with nitrogen are amines, amides, and nitriles. Additionally, I’ve made it so that the colour circles around each functional group actually have some significance, rather than just being arbitrary. UPDATE JULY 2014 I’ve updated the design of this graphic to include a few more functional groups and also make the design clearer. I’ve also produced three teaching versions of an earlier version of this graphic ( 1, 2 & 3) with varying amounts of information blanked out to allow pupils to fill them in.Įdit: updated to add in explanation of what R and X stand for in the various formulae. Know these common functional groups you will run into in organic chemistry: Periodic Table of Elements. More complicated chemical molecules may contain more than one functional group within their structure, which can sometimes affect the chemical reactions they undergo. The names of organic molecules are systematic references to the functional groups within the molecule, and can thus be used to identify these. In organic chemistry, functional groups (or reactive centers) are small structural units within molecules that dictate how most of the compound’s chemical reactions occur. To view a table of the common functional groups and their class names Click Here. It’s nothing ground-breaking, but hopefully other teachers will find it useful.Ī functional group in chemistry is the part of the molecule that gives it its particular reactivity simple molecules that contain the same functional group in their structure can be expected to react in similar ways. Functional groups are atoms or small groups of atoms (usually two to four) that exhibit a characteristic reactivity when treated with certain reagents. ![]() The idea for this was to present the various organic compounds that pupils need to learn at A level in a straightforward manner, simply with the formulae, name, and a naming example of each. in the general formulae below, ‘r’ represents a hydrocarbon group or hydrogen, and ‘x’ represents any halogen atom. The conjugate base of a carboxylic acid is a carboxylate.Today’s graphic is a little more basic, but is something that I’m hoping to eventually develop into an organic reaction map. functional groups in organic chemistry functional groups are groups of atoms in organic molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. The eponymous member of this family is the carboxylic acid functional group, in which the carbonyl is bonded to a hydroxyl group. Well be learning about different aspects of molecular structure, including common functional groups and conformations. When a carbonyl carbon is bonded on one side to a carbon (or hydrogen) and on the other side to an oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur, the functional group is considered to be one of the ‘ carboxylic acid derivatives’, a designation that describes a set of related functional groups. Functional groups About this unit The properties of organic molecules depend on the structure, and knowing the names of organic compounds allow us to communicate with other chemists. Ketones are also used in the production of various polymers, either as a building block or as a solvent.Ī group with a carbon-nitrogen double bond is called an imine, or sometimes a Schiff base (in this book we will use the term ‘imine’). ![]() Methyl ethyl ketone is used as a paint stripper and a solvent. ![]() While alkanes and cycloalkanes are not particularly reactive, alkenes and alkynes definitely are. Regardless of the chemical in which it is found, the same functional group will behave similarly and experience comparable reactions. Don’t forget about conjugated alkenes too, as they are important in many organic processes such as the Diels-Alder reaction. A functional group is a group of atoms or bonds inside a substance that is responsible for the substance’s unique chemical reactions in organic chemistry. This group is alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Organic molecules are also named using the functional group approach: 2-hexanone 2-hexanol 2-chlorohexane The rule is that functions assume their distinct identity when separated by CH 2 groups. This ketone is commonly used to remove fingernail polish and serves as an industrial solvent. Hydrocarbons: these are simply composed of carbon and hydrogen.
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